水肥一体化施肥对山地果园‘油㮈’生长及果实品质的影响

以福建特色水果‘油㮈’为试材,在等肥料成本条件下,进行水肥一体化施肥和常规施肥下‘油㮈’树枝梢生长长度和粗度、果实品质、产量表现及施肥成本的比较研究,以期为山地水肥一体化施肥提供参考。结果表明,水肥一体化施肥可在一定程度上促进当年枝梢长度和粗度的增长,提高果实可溶性糖、可溶性固形物及Vc含量,降低可滴定酸含量,提高果实平均单果重、可食率、产量。等价施肥条件下,水肥一体化施肥节省人工成本1104.0元/hm²。建议结合降水量等气候条件及山地土壤特点、生态环境等对水肥一体化施肥技术进行优化。     

新疆‘晚丰’巴旦木花粉萌发培养基组分的筛选

为提高人工授粉中巴旦木的产量,本研究采用花粉离体培养法,筛选新疆‘晚丰’巴旦木品种花粉萌发中不同培养基组分的配方施用量,研究不同培养基配方组分对花粉萌发的影响。实验中在培养基内添加尿素、硼酸、氯化钙、吲哚乙酸、赤霉素和蔗糖,均能促进花粉萌发和花粉管生长,在一定范围内,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均随培养基配方组份量的增加而增加,但超过一定添加量时,促进作用逐渐减弱并出现抑制作用。研究结果显示:添加0.1%尿素、0.01%硼酸、0.005%氯化钙、0.0001%吲哚乙酸、0.0015%赤霉素和10%蔗糖时,新疆‘晚丰’巴旦木品种花粉萌发率最高,花粉管长度也达到最大值。本研究结果为实践生产中人工授粉和相关研究提供参考和理论依据,也为进一步顺利进行亲和授粉研究提供前期理论基础。     

中国李种质资源研究进展

从李种质资源收集、不同栽培种起源关系、中国李不同栽培品种群间的演化关系以及资源鉴定评价等方面对近几十年来国内的研究工作进行了回顾，并针对李种质资源研究存在的问题提出了建议，以期为中国李种质资源评价、创新与利用提供科学依据。     

碱胁迫下榆叶梅差异基因表达分析

为了解榆叶梅(Prumus triloba Lindl.)在短期碱胁迫下的分子响应机制,本研究采用Illumina HiSeq^TM2500高通量测序技术对其在0、1、3、6、12 h碱胁迫下的叶片进行了de novo转录组测序,以此鉴定与碱胁迫相关的差异表达基因(DEGs)。结果表明,从5 960万条raw reads中获得了约5 300万条高质量clean reads,经从头组装后获得了124 786条榆叶梅unigenes。基于8 948个 unigenes差异表达(DEGs), GO富集分析发现,其中有28个基因可能在早期碱胁迫响应机制中起着重要作用; KEGG富集分析发现,不同碱处理时间下的KEGG途径(pathways)具有显著差异。对7个碱性胁迫反应相关基因进行RT-qPCR验证,所得基因的表达模式与RNA-Seq数据结果一致,证实了RNA-Seq结果的可靠性。本研究首次对碱胁迫下的榆叶梅叶片进行了转录组分析,获得的序列数据极大地丰富了榆叶梅可利用的基因资源,深入了解了榆叶梅碱胁迫的分子响应机制,同时为研究以榆叶梅为砧木的中国李(Prunus salicina)在碱胁迫下的适应机制奠定了分子研究基础。     

Cherry picking by pseudomonads: After a century of research on canker,genomics provides insights into the evolution of pathogenicity towards stone fruits

Bacterial canker disease is a major limiting factor in the growing of cherry and other Prunus species worldwide. At least five distinct clades within the bacterial species complex Pseudomonas syringae are known to be causal agents of the disease. The different pathogens commonly coexist in the field. Reducing canker is a challenging prospect as the efficacy of chemical controls and host resistance may vary against each of the diverse clades involved. Genomic analysis has revealed that the pathogens use a variable repertoire of virulence factors to cause the disease. Significantly, strains of P. syringae pv. syringae possess more genes for toxin biosynthesis and fewer encoding type III effector proteins. There is also a shared pool of key effector genes present on mobile elements such as plasmids and prophages that may have roles in virulence. By contrast, there is evidence that absence or truncation of certain effector genes, such as hopAB, is characteristic of cherry pathogens. Here we highlight how recent research, underpinned by the earlier epidemiological studies, is allowing significant progress in our understanding of the canker pathogens. This fundamental knowledge, combined with emerging insights into host genetics, provides the groundwork for development of precise control measures and informed approaches to breed for disease resistance.     

CaCl_2处理对奈李低温贮藏期生理生化的影响

为了探明 Ca2 对奈李低温贮藏的保鲜效应 ,对奈李采用不同浓度的 Ca Cl2 溶液处理、聚乙烯薄膜袋包装、在低温 ( 5℃ )下贮藏 ,研究其生理生化变化情况 .结果表明 :采用质量分数为 0 .5 %～ 1.0 %的 Ca Cl2 溶液处理 ,对奈李的呼吸作用、Vc含量的降低、可溶性固性物的消耗、电导率和 POD(过氧化物酶 )活性的升高以及贮藏期的失水等均具有抑制作用 ,而用较高浓度的 Ca Cl2 ( 2 .0 %～ 6.0 % )溶液处理 ,则具有相反的作用 .     

Genetic Relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula Using AFLP Markers

Genetic relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula were studied by using AFLP markers. 18 accessions representing 14 cultivars ofPrunus murne var. pendula were selected from the germplasm collection at the Research Center of China Mci Flower. Seven Mse I-EcoR I AFLP primer combinations revealed 450 legible bands, and 269 of which were polymorphic markers. A similarity matrix was prepared using the simple matching coefficient of similarity and Nei‘s (72) distance coefficient. A UPGMA dendrogram demonstrated the genetic relationships of the cultivars. The information given by AFLP markers was basically consistent with the morphological classification and the evolutionary history of the morphotypes, and roughly supported the new revised classification system for Chinese Mci Cultivars. But there were still several exceptions: 1) the ‘Guhong Chuizhi‘ inserted between the ‘Tiaoxue Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Danfen Chuizhi‘; 2) the ‘Wufu Chuizhi‘ kept off the Pink Pendant Form, and the ‘Moshan Chuizhi‘ was removed from Viridiflora Pendant Form; 3) the ‘Danbi Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Shuangbi Chuizhi‘ of Viridiflora Pendant Form got together well but fell within the Pink Pendant Form.     

干旱地区山杏不同季节造林成果调查分析

通过对干旱山区不同季节山杏造林后的生长情况调查分析,得出:秋季山杏截干深栽造林成活率达92.7%,比春季栽植成活率提高10.5个百分点。     

Influence of different forest conversion strategies on ground vegetation and tree regeneration in pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus sylvestris</Emphasis> L.) stands: a case study in NE Germany

The conversion of anthropogenic into more natural, self-regenerating forests is one of the major objectives of forestry throughout Europe. In this study, we present investigations on permanent plots with different silvicultural treatment in NE German pine stands. Management of old-growth pine stands on acidic and nutrient-poor sandy sites differs in fencing, thinning, and planting of certain tree species. The investigations were carried out on the community, population, and individual level of the pine forest ecosystems. Thus, vegetation changes, size and height of tree populations, and height increment of tree individuals were observed over a time span of 6 years. Special attention was paid to short-lived tree species such as, e.g., Frangula alnus and Sorbus aucuparia, as well as to Fagus sylvatica as one of the most typical forest tree species of Central Europe. Vegetation changes are interpreted as a consequence of natural regeneration of formerly degraded forest sites, involving an increase in nutrient availability. High browsing pressure can be considered as a key factor for the inhibition of tree seedlings and growth of saplings. Some Sorbus aucuparia individuals, however, succeeded in growing out of the browsing height also in unfenced stands. Few found specimens of Fagus sylvatica proved that this species is able to establish spontaneously on these relatively dry, acidic sites under continental climate influence. Such natural regeneration processes, also including spontaneous rejuvenation of trees, can be integrated into silviculture as passive forest conversion management. An active management like thinning of stands, planting of trees, and fencing can accelerate forest conversion with regard to height growth and species number of trees.